Which of the following is NOT a known vector for West Nile Virus?

• A. Anopheles gambiae
• B. Cx. tarsalis
• C. Cx. pipiens
• D. Cx. stigmatosoma

Answer: (A)

West Nile Virus spread depends on which mosquitoes are capable of becoming infected, supporting viral replication, and delivering the virus in their saliva when they bite. The most important vectors are Culex species, which efficiently cycle the virus between birds and mammals. Among the options, Culex tarsalis, Culex pipiens, and Culex stigmatosoma are documented West Nile Virus vectors in various regions, reflecting their competence and ecological roles in transmission. Anopheles gambiae, while a major malaria vector in Africa, is not recognized as a natural or efficient West Nile Virus vector; its biology and host-feeding behavior do not support WNV transmission in the same way. Therefore, Anopheles gambiae is not a known West Nile Virus vector.